The ongoing evolution of drone technology and its increasing utilisation on the battlefield is compelling military leaders to re-evaluate their strategies for countering these aerial threats. The Counter-Unmanned Aerial Systems (C-UAS) sector is witnessing substantial advancements spurred by emerging technologies, particularly as the conflict in Ukraine and events across the Middle East highlight the growing reliance on drones in modern warfare.

Recent studies by GlobalData’s Thematic Intelligence on Counter-Drone Technologies indicate that investment in defensive C-UAS capabilities is likely to gain momentum, especially as nations like Russia and China intensify their focus on military drone advancements. The conflict in Ukraine has seen both parties utilising drones extensively, with Ukraine deploying drone swarms to disable Russian ‘Terminator’ fighting vehicles. Meanwhile, China's military strategies are increasingly centred around expanded use of drone swarms as part of its defence modernisation initiative aimed at achieving parity with the United States.

To mitigate drone threats, countries are expanding their UAV portfolios. Russia, for instance, is diversifying its assets beyond reliance on Iranian-produced Shahed drones, framing its strategy against western sanctions. In October 2024, recent sanctions implemented by the U.S. Treasury and State Department targeted entities within China and Russian defence organisations to hinder the production of long-range 'Garpiya' loitering munitions.

The implications of a greater drone presence on the battlefield necessitate robust C-UAS systems capable of countering diverse UAV threats. Current defensive strategies encompass various technologies, including passive jamming, active missile systems, high-energy laser weapons, and nets designed to intercept drones effectively.

Among the notable technological trends in the defence sector is the emergence of drones capable of functioning in GPS-denied environments. This innovation presents a significant challenge to existing C-UAS systems reliant on global navigation satellite systems, as new technologies such as quantum radars pave the way toward precision positioning without GPS.

Kinetic solutions remain fundamental to effective drone defence, despite the high costs associated with surface-to-air missiles, which are typically unsuitable for smaller UAVs. Machine guns and cannons continue to be popular means of engagement against these smaller drones. The exploration of advanced kinetic approaches, including the development of C-UAS 70mm rockets, enhanced ammunition with next-generation fuses, and modular remote weapon stations (RWS), reflects the ongoing adaptability of defence strategies.

Directed energy weapons (DEWs), including high-energy lasers (HEL) and high-power microwave (HPM) systems, are becoming increasingly integral to modern C-UAS operations. Given their mobility and rapid-fire capabilities, these systems offer a cost-effective solution for neutralising drone threats, particularly in swarm scenarios. The ability of lasers to cover extensive areas simultaneously reinforces their effectiveness against coordinated drone attacks.

As drone technology evolves, traditional kinetic methods may be challenged by swarming capabilities that employ multiple drones to operate in unison, complicating detection and interception efforts. DEWs are being increasingly favoured for their efficiency in handling swarm attacks compared to conventional munitions.

To enhance C-UAS systems further, there is an emphasis on integrating various detection techniques. By harnessing data from radar, acoustic, and electro-optical/infrared (EO/IR) sources, military forces can improve their ability to differentiate legitimate threats from false positives, essential in scenarios involving fast-moving drone swarms.

As drone technology continues to grow, the need for adaptive countermeasures becomes critical. Traditional approaches, such as jamming, may struggle against drone systems utilising inertial and visual navigation. Future C-UAS systems are expected to incorporate new technologies capable of counteracting these advancements, ensuring resilience against electronic warfare tactics.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is anticipated to play a pivotal role in the development of C-UAS capabilities. By enhancing operational effectiveness, AI can facilitate drones in avoiding projectiles autonomously. This advancement poses a considerable obstacle to existing kinetic solutions, which may require substantial upgrades to effectively engage drones equipped with autonomous capabilities.

Given the rapid evolution of drone threats, the demand for versatile and cost-effective defence solutions has surged. Australian company Electro Optic Systems (EOS) is actively addressing this need by offering customisable counter-drone technologies suited for diverse military operations and critical infrastructure security. Their stabilised Slinger system, recently included in a US security assistance package for Ukraine, exemplifies modern counter-drone solutions, including an onboard radar to engage and track drones effectively at considerable distances.

Through strategic partnerships within the defence technology sector, EOS is developing comprehensive C-UAS solutions that incorporate advanced AI, radio frequency sensing, and integrated effector systems, enabling tailored responses for clients dealing with emerging drone threats in various operational contexts.

Source: Noah Wire Services